Those hard bumps forming on the finger joints closest to the nails can look alarming, particularly when they begin appearing on several fingers. A common explanation for bumps in this location is Heberden’s nodes, which are hard, bony enlargements associated with osteoarthritis of the small finger joints.

Osteoarthritis develops as the smooth cartilage cushioning a joint gradually deteriorates. As the joint changes, the body can produce additional bone around its edges, creating osteophytes or bone spurs. When these form at the distal finger joints—the joints nearest the fingernails—they are called Heberden’s nodes.

The bumps may seem to be “spreading,” but they aren’t contagious and don’t physically travel from one finger to another. Instead, osteoarthritis can affect multiple joints independently over time, so new nodes may gradually develop on additional fingers. Genetics and increasing age can contribute to someone’s likelihood of developing this pattern of hand osteoarthritis.

Some people experience pain, redness, swelling, or stiffness while the nodes are developing, while others have surprisingly little discomfort. Once established, the bony enlargement itself may remain even if tenderness eventually improves. Similar bumps appearing on the middle finger joints are known as Bouchard’s nodes.

A photograph alone cannot confirm that these bumps are Heberden’s nodes because other conditions can sometimes produce finger-joint lumps. A clinician can usually distinguish the cause through examination and, when necessary, an X-ray. But when an older adult develops multiple firm bumps specifically around the joints nearest the nails, hand osteoarthritis with Heberden’s nodes is one of the classic explanations.